Registrato: 18/03/18 02:09
Messaggi: 819
|
|
LONDON， Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- Cars， buses and freight trucks are the principal cause of air pollution in over 95 percent of legally-designated air quality management areas in Britain， a research team from Bristol reported Tuesday.
Current estimates show that over 50，000 deaths a year can be attributed to an air pollution epidemic in Britain， the report revealed ahead of a debate on Wednesday at the Royal Geographical Society(with the Institute of British Geographers) annual conference.
Dr. Tim Chatterton and Prof. Graham Parkhurst from the University of the West of England in Bristol say transport planning in Britain is not sufficiently taking into account the environmental impacts of transport choices.
The two academics looked at policy and practice activities since a parliamentary environment act in 1995 committed Britain to improving air quality to internationally accepted standards.
They said measurements in the real environment show that little improvement has been achieved in the past two decades.
Chatterton and Parkhurst have carried out a review to identify the underlying reasons why air pollution concentrations from road transport in Britain have shown little to-no reduction over the last 21 years.
Their study claims that transport planners in Britain are not taking the environmental impacts of transport choices sufficiently into account.
They say road traffic accidents continue to remain the primary concern of transport planners while， "at best， air pollution has been designated a shared priority between the Department for Environment， Food and Rural Affairs and the Department for Transport."
Parkhurst said: "Air pollution is perhaps the grossest manifestation of a general failure of UK transport planning to take the environmental impacts of transport choices sufficiently into account."
"Insufficient relevant priority has been given within the sector responsible for most relevant emissions -- transport policy and planning -- which has instead prioritized safety and economic growth，" he added.
The academics say their study identifies a strategic policy tone which continues to signal and provide for the private car as central to national transport policy.
Added to this， they say， is limited government regulation and financial support for alternative modes of transport， as well as more low emissions zones in towns and cities.
Their report says that a failure to recognize that existing polluting vehicles are being replaced only slowly， the only sure way to bring about changes in pollution levels is to reduce vehicle use.
"There is a corresponding lack of emphasis on 'push' behavior change policies， to encourage walking and cycling in particular. Instead， policies for behavior change mostly rely on voluntary measures， which are as a result not very effective，" the two academics say in their report.
Households in poorer areas of Britain's towns and cities tend to be exposed to much higher levels of air pollution， even though they contribute much less to the traffic pollution principally through driving less.
Parkhurst and Chatterton will tell the conference that their findings confirm the need for air quality to be promoted as a public health priority issue in Britain.
"Air pollution-related morbidity and mortality are at epidemic levels and， although less obvious， are more significant than road transport collisions as a cause of death and injury，" they said.
Lately [url=http://www.cheapthrowbackmlbjerseys.com/cheap-throwback-san-francisco-giants-jerseys/]San Francisco Giants Throwback Jersey[/url] , here in Las Vegas, I've had the pleasure of meeting a number of Mixed Martial Arts competitors from the various "No Holds Barred" events like the UFC and Pride. For the most part these fighters were amazing physical specimens and tremendous competitors. Their skills in the arena are impressive and fun to watch. The other factor across the board is the fighters I met are very good natured guys.
At one of the events I was introduced by an MMA friend of mine to one of the top competitors and this fighter asked through his translator if I was a MMA competitor. Before I could answer [url=http://www.cheapthrowbackmlbjerseys.com/cheap-throwback-san-diego-padres-jerseys/]San Diego Padres Throwback Jersey[/url] , my friend (who had a couple of beers in him since he was not on this fight card) smiled and said, "Nah [url=http://www.cheapthrowbackmlbjerseys.com/cheap-throwback-pittsburgh-pirates-jerseys/]Pittsburgh Pirates Throwback Jersey[/url] , this guy's a killer, he just likes to teach you how to stab people to death or beat their brains out with a tire iron. You'd like his course!"(Always great to have friends give this kinda PR "help")
Then the fighter asked if I taught how to "defend" against knives and guns. My friend once again "answered" for me saying "Oh yeah and more than one attacker [url=http://www.cheapthrowbackmlbjerseys.com/cheap-throwback-philadelphia-phillies-jerseys/]Philadelphia Phillies Throwback Jersey[/url] , I mean, its prison riot training" (Again very "helpful"; I'm sure the translator loved me!) Then the fighter told of his cousin being assaulted and stabbed by 2 men in his home country. He said he felt bad because he truly couldn't give his cousin (who survived the attack) any "tips" on how to "fight" people with knives.
He then said: "Quite frankly for all my skills in the ring I doubt I could have done much better. I know how to kick someone's ass on the mat but on the street it's so different."He then had to leave and get ready for his match (which he easily won that night [url=http://www.cheapthrowbackmlbjerseys.com/cheap-throwback-oakland-athletics-jerseys/]Oakland Athletics Throwback Jersey[/url] , absolutely wrecking his opponent). We exchanged info and he got the dates when I'd be in Europe this year.
This meeting got me thinking about the difference between a fighter and a killer: The fighter competes to better an opponent; the killer is solely focused on ending the other person. The fighter seeks to score points or get someone to submit; the killer seeks to shut down the other's brain. The fighter is good at kicking someone's ass; the killer knows how to irreparably injure vulnerable areas of the human body, permanently wrecking the function of that area.
The fighter relies on superior strength [url=http://www.cheapthrowbackmlbjerseys.com/cheap-throwback-new-york-yankees-jerseys/]New York Yankees Throwback Jersey[/url] , speed and skill; the killer uses stealth and violence of action to get his results.The fighter's skills deteriorate after his com. [url=http://www.calvinridleyjersey.com/]Calvin Ridley Jersey[/url] [url=http://www.bakermayfieldjersey.com/]Authentic Baker Mayfield Jersey[/url] [url=http://www.antoniobrownshop.com/]Authentic Antonio Brown Jersey[/url] [url=http://www.alvinkamarajersey.com/]Authentic Alvin Kamara Jersey[/url] [url=http://www.ajbouyejerseys.com/]A.J. Bouye Youth Jersey[/url] [url=http://www.adrianpetersonjersey.com/]Adrian Peterson Youth Jersey[/url] [url=http://www.cheapwholesalenbashop.com/]Wholeasale NBA Jerseys[/url] [url=http://www.cheapmlbsportsjerseyschina.com/]Wholesale MLB Jerseys[/url] [url=http://www.wholesalenflsportsjerseyscheap.com/]Wholesale NFL Jerseys Free Shipping[/url] [url=http://www.cheapwholesalecollegejerseys.com/]Wholesale College Jerseys[/url] |
|
